Which of the following TCS foods requires refrigeration for safety?

Cooked beans are classified as TCS (Time/Temperature Control for Safety) foods because they are potentially hazardous if not stored properly. Once beans have been cooked, they are in a state that can support the growth of harmful bacteria if left at room temperature for too long. Therefore, for safety, cooked beans need to be refrigerated to keep them out of the temperature danger zone, which is typically between 41°F (5°C) and 135°F (57°C).

In contrast, salted fish and canned beans are preserved foods. Salted fish has undergone a curing process that significantly inhibits bacterial growth, making it less of a safety concern at room temperature. Canned beans, once sealed and processed, are shelf-stable until opened and do not require refrigeration until after the can is opened. Similarly, pasta, especially if it is dry or uncooked, does not require refrigeration, as it does not present the same risk as cooked foods. Thus, the need for refrigeration distinctly applies to cooked beans among the options listed.